Impact of the socio economic situation post the egyptian revolution 2011 countries of the world, inequality is considered as a lead cause for. In the two years since the revolution, egypts economic performance has been weak. Opposition parties, activists and religious bodies have been staunchly demanding egyptian president hosni mubaraks resignation, with the exception of fearful christian authorities, who called for staying away from the protests although christian individuals have taken part. Pursuing social justice and an equitable sharing of the tax burden 16.
Egypts economy after 2011 revolution as egypt marked the fifth anniversary of the 2011 revolution on 25 january, it looks back on five years of rapid political change, social dislocation and. Egypts ailing economy is at the heart of the unrest. The events in egypt, which began on 25 january 2011, came to an end on 11 february 2011 when president mubarak stepped down. In this paper, we focus on how tax changes affect economic growth. There is a point at which a popular uprising or any popular movement must be described as a revolution, and that is when it succeeds in rallying huge numbers. The egyptian revolution is a challenge to state led authoritarian capitalism, but it is also a response to rising food costs and soaring unemployment. Abdel meguid sanaa al banna rana korayem hoda salah. After 18 days of protests that spilled out from cairos tahrir square, president hosni mubarak hands. Jan 25, 2011 the revolution started on police day, a public holiday, 25 january 2011, with a series of peaceful demonstrations in cairo that were originally meant to draw attention to police brutality. Egypts economy after 2011 revolution as egypt marked the fifth anniversary of the 2011 revolution on 25 january, it looks back on five years of. There have been numerous domestic responses to the egyptian revolution of 2011. Oct 31, 2014 a year ago, egypts economy had been crushed by political turmoil. The economist intelligence units business environment ranking of 2014 ranked egypt 69 th out of 82 countries, a deterioration of eight places since the january 25, 2011 revolution, at which time egypt was already in the bottom half of the 17 middle eastern and african countries ranked. Activists in egypt call for an uprising in their own country, to protest against poverty.
How egypt rebuilt its economy since june 30 revolution. Economic and social reasons for the egypts january 25 revolution. The egyptian revolution occurred based on the increased disconnect among citizens. Theres stagnation and its not moving in any directionfor all parties, pro. Before the revolution foreign investments either through directly investing in infrastructure projects or buying factories, or financial investments into the egyptian stock market or government bonds. Although it took place over only 18 days, the 2011 egyptian revolution was a. Jun 09, 20 egypts economy has gone through a threestage transformation, daoud explains.
Egypts economy struggles after revolution when the g8 group of leading industrial nations meets in france this week it will include delegations from egypt and tunisia, in recognition of the need. Most of the arab regimes, with the exception of a few, are classified as highly authoritarian systems in whic h political power is monopolize d by the few rather than shared by the many. The egyptian economy has transformed itself after the 1952 revolution, from a regulated and social controlled economy in a certain historical context now finding itself into a complex reforming process that has been launched by the massive privatization of the former public enterprises, into a new historical context. The economic causes of the egyptian revolution january 25, 2011. But, whatever actually happened, many here believe it. The death of khaled saeed in june 2010 became a similar rallying point for activists in egypt. Egypts performance on this index, which is composed of ten separate criteria including taxes, policy with regards to free enterprise and competition, and foreign trade and exchange controls as well. Economic causes of the egyptian revolution the future of. Perversely, mubaraks opening to economic reforms very well. A chronicle of the revolution that ended the threedecadelong presidency of hosni mubarak. For the degree of bachelor of arts in the department of history university of victoria april 4, 2017. He proceeded to brag that after the reform, income tax revenue grew as a share of gdp. Finance numbers given by the government last month draw a negative picture of the economy, after real gdp rate reached 7 percent three years ago. May 22, 2011 egypts economy struggles after revolution when the g8 group of leading industrial nations meets in france this week it will include delegations from egypt and tunisia, in recognition of the need.
In a june 2007 presentation on the egyptian tax reform agenda, the deputy minister for tax policy in egypts finance ministry, ashraf al arabi, listed the first goal of egypts tax reform as increase tax revenues. The egyptian economy is currently relying to a large extent on the reserves that the previous economic regime had accumulated as it was preparing to boost this years economic growth rate to 5. This change resulted in successful and semi successful revolutions. The revolution has weakened trade between israel and egypt. The arab world has been moving towards change in successive events since the beginning of 2011. Jul 02, 20 the economy is so fragile, the government cant raise taxes or reduce subsidies, so morsi is seeking yet more loans. Egypts economy struggles after revolution bbc news. They found that complex contagion to be at work on twitter, reporting that political hashtags were more persistent than other types of tags, meaning that they were. The egyptian revolution of 2011, also known as the january 25 revolution arabic. But, whatever actually happened, many here believe it was the event that. On the socioeconomic side, the revolution is largely attributed to the rise of unemployment, inflation of food prices, low income and rising inequality, the lack of health services. Get pdf 8026k get pdf 8026k on 25 january 2011, egyptians took to the streets demanding political and social reform.
Economic causes of the egyptian revolution the future. In cairo, protesters converged upon tahrir liberation square, which remained constantly occupied until the resignation of president hosni mubarak on 11 february. From 1981 to 2011, hosni mubarak was in power under emergency law with his son gamal appearing to be a likely successor for the presidency. Timeline of the egyptian revolution of 2011 wikipedia. Egypts economy took a tremendous hit during the uprisings of the arab spring. The decline was sparked by the dramatic events in egypt, which took their toll on the receipts of foreign currencies. After the 2011 popular revolution that overthrew the mubarak regime, the election of president morsi, and the military coup in 20 that swept general abdel fattah elsisi into power, egypt is now. They found that complex contagion to be at work on twitter, reporting that political hashtags were more persistent.
Egypts economy after 2011 revolution financial tribune. Her photos from 201120 show protests in the streets, but also everyday life. After providing this overview of the impact of the introduction of new media in the arab world, and before turning our attention to the significant role they played before, during, and after the egyptian revolution, we have to first provide conceptual definitions of basic terms. Foreign investment in egypt deteriorated after the revolution from 6. The 2011 revolution prompted a downward spiral of currency weakness, capital flight and crumbling state finances. The egyptian revolution did not happen last winter. After the revolution, this system collapsed, and there were two and a half years of virtually total freedom of the press, followed by the period of almost unanimous support of sisi. The revolution seems to be failing but one side is depressed or maybe theyre tired, said hadhoud. In addition, the increased level of poverty was followed with an increase level of food prices, while the gross domestic product per capita increased by 2% wdi, 2010. The imf has estimated egypts gross domestic product growth will pick up only slightly in 2012, to 1.
After 18 days of protests that spilled out from cairos tahrir square, president hosni mubarak hands power to militarys ruling body, the supreme. The repressive and violent nature of the arab regimes also ranks high on the list of major factors culminating in the 2011 arab uprisings. Egypt celebrates on saturday the fifth anniversary of the june 30 revolution that toppled the muslim brotherhoodaffiliated president mohamed morsi, after one year in power during which the country suffered fierce political conflicts and social splits that threatened the future of the nation. Egypts 2011 revolution sent seismic tremors through the countrys econ omy. Two years after the revolution that swept away a 60yearold autocratic system, egypt needs a new economic vision based on more inclusive growth and greater social justice. In short, the revolution is explained by the increasing density and pervasiveness of social.
An uncertain history of revolution by mariana gallegos dupuis v00799794 supervised by dr. The economic causes of the egyptian revolution january 25. Egypts economy in 2011 banks in egypt could record a wave of cash withdrawals when they resume their operations, such examples have included companies among the hardest hit violent protests against president hosni mubarak, says bloomberg. At this time there was immense poverty in france, even though some people in france were wealthy. Four years later, egypts revolution is in a coma thinkprogress. The economy is so fragile, the government cant raise taxes or reduce subsidies, so morsi is seeking yet more loans. Domestic responses to the egyptian revolution of 2011 wikipedia. Roberto roccu addresses this gap and in doing this provides the first detailed study of the deeper causes of the egyptian revolution.
The economic situation in egypt opinion ahram online. In short, the revolution is explained by the increasing density and pervasiveness of social, economic and political grievances that culminated into an uncontrollable anger towards a diminishing legitimacy of mubaraks thirtyyearsrule of the country. Oct 28, 2011 three weeks ago, peaceful christian protesters were killed in what appeared to be an orchestrated attack by the state. Pdf the egyptian revolution and post socioeconomic impact. A year ago, egypts economy had been crushed by political turmoil. After providing this overview of the impact of the introduction of new media in the arab world, and before turning our attention to the significant role they played before, during, and after the egyptian revolution, we have to first provide conceptual definitions of. Directly before the french revolution, france was in a major economic crisis. The egyptian revolution and post socioeconomic impact. Zine alabidine ben ali from power, protests against the first demonstrations occurred in tunisia in december 2010, triggered by the selfimmolation of a young man frustrated by tunisias high unemployment rate and rampant police corruption. Zine alabidine ben ali from power, protests against the first demonstrations occurred in tunisia in december 2010, triggered by the selfimmolation of a young man frustrated by tunisias high unemployment. A new cause of the arab spring is the increase in population, which increased unemployment. Over 2 millions protesting in tahrir square on 10 february 2011 after hosni mubaraks speech saying that theyll go to his palace the day after. The egyptian revolution and post socioeconomic impact doaa s. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual egyptian police holiday as a statement against increasing police brutality during the last few years of mubaraks presidency.
Despite ostensible stability, its people especially its young people faced a future bleaker than the dark side of pluto. Economic and social reasons for the egypts january 25 revolution the egyptian revolution will not succeed until it establishes a new system that eliminates the causes of the revolution, which. Emine gozde sevin photographed egypt after the january 25 revolution. The end of egypts revolution, or the start of its second. The arab spring had culminated in a military takeover and the installation of the current president, abdel fattah alsisi. Authorities could take off the financial system to avoid this risk. Effects of income tax changes on economic growth brookings. Since the january 2011 revolution, egypt has been gripped by deepening stagflation. Country marks five years since the start of demonstrations that led to the downfall of longtime ruler hosni mubarak. Three weeks ago, peaceful christian protesters were killed in what appeared to be an orchestrated attack by the state. The economic decline of egypt after the 2011 uprising atlantic. Overall, the postrevolution period in tunisia has been extremely. Jan 25, 20 two years after the revolution that swept away a 60yearold autocratic system, egypt needs a new economic vision based on more inclusive growth and greater social justice. The economic development in egypt during the 19522007.
Domestic responses to the egyptian revolution of 2011. Its economy is growing again, though it still remains burdened by massive government regulation and bloated publicsector payrolls. January 25 revolution days after a popular uprising in tunisia, known as the jasmine revolution, forced pres. With the left already, believe it or not, rushing to blame the unrest in egypt on the dastardly combination of income inequality egypts top quintile of earners has increased its share of income since the 1990s, while the countrys bottom quintile has seen its portion of the pie get smaller and commodity speculation by hedge funds, its worth getting into the economic. These investments, up till the revolution that began in early 2011, were sufficient to cover the current account deficit i. The arab spring had culminated in a military takeover and the installation of the current president, abdel fattah al. While the 2011 egyptian revolution has already become the subject of much debate, the roots of the socioeconomic context which made the revolution possible have seldom been explored. Because of the dependency of the rest of the economy on the oil sector, nonoil real gdp declined by 52 percent. The revolution started on police day, a public holiday, 25 january 2011, with a series of peaceful demonstrations in cairo that were originally meant to draw attention to police brutality. In the decade prior to 2011, egypt saw a variety of limited openings in its. In december 2010, protests in tunisia sparked by the death of mohamed bouazizi turned into a revolution.
The role of women in the egyptian 25th january revolution. Revolution of 25 january, womens rights, digital media introduction the stories of women and revolutions have always intertwined, and the revolution of 2011 brought women in egypt new opportunities and avenues for participation in social and political reform. Soon the demonstrations grew into a mass protest against the government by people of all walks of life, in cairo and in other major cities in egypt, most. Most causes of the 2011 egyptian revolution against mubarak also existed in 1952, when the free officers ousted king farouk. Five years after the 2011 revolution, egypts economy is floundering and remains far from recovery. Andrew wender a graduating essay submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements, in the honours programme.
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